TripSit · Mephedrone

正文中文为机器翻译，仅供参考；专业内容以折叠的原文为准。

详情

别名

4-mmc meow meow m-cat 4-methylmethcathinone 4mmc

分类

兴奋剂 research-chemical 习惯形成 empathogen

相互作用

caffeine

备注

这种兴奋剂的组合通常是不必要的，并且可能会增加心脏的压力，并可能导致焦虑和严重的身体不适。然而，个人对咖啡因的反应可能有很大差异，通常受到习惯和偶尔使用等因素的影响。

查看原文

This combination of stimulants is not generally necessary and may increase strain on the heart, as well as potentially causing anxiety and great physical discomfort. However, individual responses to caffeine can vary significantly, often influenced by factors like habitual versus occasional usage.

来源

author

Mesas AE, Leon-Muñoz LM, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Lopez-Garcia E

标题

The effect of coffee on blood pressure and cardiovascular disease in hypertensive individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis

链接

https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.016667

author

Nurminen, ML., Niittynen, L., Korpela, R

标题

Coffee, caffeine and blood pressure: a critical review

链接

https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600899

author

Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Military Nutrition Research.

标题

Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance: Formulations for Military Operations.

链接

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK223808/

author

Baumann MH, Ayestas MA Jr, Partilla JS, Sink JR, Shulgin AT, Daley PF, Brandt SD, Rothman RB, Ruoho AE, Cozzi NV

标题

The designer methcathinone analogs, mephedrone and methylone, are substrates for monoamine transporters in brain tissue

链接

https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2011.304

author

Wright MJ Jr, Vandewater SA, Angrish D, Dickerson TJ, Taffe MA

标题

Mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone) and d-methamphetamine improve visuospatial associative memory, but not spatial working memory, in rhesus macaques

链接

https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1476-5381.2012.02091.x

author

Kehr J, Ichinose F, Yoshitake S, Goiny M, Sievertsson T, Nyberg F, Yoshitake T

标题

Mephedrone, compared with MDMA (ecstasy) and amphetamine, rapidly increases both dopamine and 5-HT levels in nucleus accumbens of awake rats

链接

https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1476-5381.2011.01499.x

风险等级

谨慎 （Caution）

dextromethorphan

备注

由于这两种药物都会提高血清素水平，因此存在血清素综合征的风险。除了担心高血压和不必要的心脏压力。由于这种组合，还可能导致焦虑和更大的身体不适。

查看原文

Risk of serotonin syndrome as both drugs raise serotonin levels. In addition to concerns of high blood pressure and unnecessary strain on the heart. As well as potentially causing anxiety and greater physical discomfort due to the combination.

来源

author

J Kehr, F Ichinose, S Yoshitake, M Goiny, T Sievertsson, F Nyberg, T Yoshitake

标题

Mephedrone, compared with MDMA (ecstasy) and amphetamine, rapidly increases both dopamine and 5-HT levels in nucleus accumbens of awake rats

链接

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01499.x

author

Gregory C. Hadlock, Katy M. Webb, Lisa M. McFadden, Pei Wen Chu, Jonathan D. Ellis, Scott C. Allen, David M. Andrenyak, Paula L. Vieira-Brock, Christopher L. German, Kevin M. Conrad, Amanda J. Hoonakker, James W. Gibb, Diana G. Wilkins, Glen R. Hanson and Annette E. Fleckenstein

标题

4-Methylmethcathinone (Mephedrone): Neuropharmacological Effects of a Designer Stimulant of Abuse

链接

https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.111.184119

author

Anna R. Schwartz, Anthony F. Pizon & Daniel E. Brooks

标题

Dextromethorphan-induced serotonin syndrome

链接

https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650701668625

author

DrugBank

标题

Dextromethorphan

链接

https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00514

author

Henderson MG, Fuller RW

标题

Dextromethorphan antagonizes the acute depletion of brain serotonin by p-chloroamphetamine and H75/12 in rats

链接

https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(92)91144-4

author

Reissig CJ, Carter LP, Johnson MW, Mintzer MZ, Klinedinst MA, Griffiths RR

标题

High doses of dextromethorphan, an NMDA antagonist, produce effects similar to classic hallucinogens

链接

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-012-2680-6

author

Meng H, Cao J, Kang J, Ying X, Ji J, Reynolds W, Rampe D.

标题

Mephedrone, a new designer drug of abuse, produces acute hemodynamic effects in the rat

链接

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.10.010

风险等级

危险（应避免） （Dangerous）

diphenhydramine

备注

休闲剂量的血清素综合征风险很高。两者都会减弱彼此的效果，因此，如果一种药物先于另一种药物失效，则可能会因缺乏对抗作用而服用过量。据报道，医疗剂量并不是普通人群所关心的问题。这两种物质都会影响心脏，如果剂量较高，可能会导致进一步危险的心脏并发症。合用可能会增加彼此的副作用，如头晕、嗜睡等。在较高剂量下，组合可能会增加彼此的副作用，例如谵妄、躁狂和精神病。

查看原文

There is a high risk of serotonin syndrome at recreational dosages. Both can dull each other's effects, so if one wears off before the other it's possible to overdose due to the lack of counteraction. Medical dosages are reported not to be a concern for the general population. Both substances affect the heart and may lead to further dangerous heart complications at higher dosages. The combination may increase each other's side effects, such as dizziness and drowsiness. At higher dosages, the combination may increase each other's side effects, such as delirium, mania, and psychosis.

来源

author

Clark, J. H., Meltzer, E. O., & Naclerio, R. M.

标题

Diphenhydramine: It is time to say a final goodbye. World Allergy Organization Journal, 18(2), 101027 (2025)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.waojou.2025.101027

author

Ener, R. A., Meglathery, S. B., Decker, W. A. V., & Gallagher, R. M.

标题

Serotonin Syndrome and Other Serotonergic Disorders: Table 1. Pain Medicine, 4(1), 63-74 (2003)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-4637.2003.03005.x

author

Hadlock, G. C., Webb, K. M., McFadden, L. M., Chu, P. W., Ellis, J. D., Allen, S. C., Andrenyak, D. M., Vieira-Brock, P. L., German, C. L., Conrad, K. M., Hoonakker, A. J., Gibb, J. W., Wilkins, D. G., Hanson, G. R., & Fleckenstein, A. E.

标题

4-Methylmethcathinone (Mephedrone): Neuropharmacological Effects of a Designer Stimulant of Abuse. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 339(2), 530-536 (2011)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.111.184119

author

Kehr, J., Ichinose, F., Yoshitake, S., Goiny, M., Sievertsson, T., Nyberg, F., & Yoshitake, T.

标题

Mephedrone, compared with MDMA (ecstasy) and amphetamine, rapidly increases both dopamine and 5-HT levels in nucleus accumbens of awake rats: Mephedrone increases both DA and 5-HT in rat brain. British Journal of Pharmacology, 164(8), 1949-1958 (2011)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01499.x

author

Meng, H., Cao, J., Kang, J., Ying, X., Ji, J., Reynolds, W., & Rampe, D.

标题

Mephedrone, a new designer drug of abuse, produces acute hemodynamic effects in the rat. Toxicology Letters, 208(1), 62-68 (2012)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.10.010

author

Varghese, E., Abate, M. A., Hu, L., Kaplan, J., Kraner, J., Long, D. L., Sorg, M., Mock, A., Greenwald, M., & Andrew, T.

标题

Characterization of Diphenhydramine-Related Accidental Overdose Deaths. Academic Forensic Pathology, 5(1), 105-115 (2015)

链接

https://doi.org/10.23907/2015.011

风险等级

危险（应避免） （Dangerous）

dmt

备注

兴奋剂会增加焦虑水平和思维循环的风险，从而导致负面经历

查看原文

Stimulants increase anxiety levels and the risk of thought loops which can lead to negative experiences

来源

author

Carbonaro, T. M., & Gatch, M. B.

标题

Neuropharmacology of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine. Brain Research Bulletin, 126(Pt 1), 74–88 (2016)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.04.016

author

Erhorn, S.

标题

Dimethyltryptamine. In xPharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference, 1–4 (2007)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008055232-3.62227-5

author

Kehr, J., Ichinose, F., Yoshitake, S., Goiny, M., Sievertsson, T., Nyberg, F., & Yoshitake, T.

标题

Mephedrone, compared with MDMA (ecstasy) and amphetamine, rapidly increases both dopamine and 5-HT levels in nucleus accumbens of awake rats. British Journal of Pharmacology, 164(8), 1949–1958 (2011)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01499.x

author

Papaseit, E., Moltó, J., Muga, R., Torrens, M., de la Torre, R., & Farré, M.

标题

Clinical Pharmacology of the Synthetic Cathinone Mephedrone. In M. H. Baumann, R. A. Glennon, & J. L. Wiley (Eds.), Neuropharmacology of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS): The Science Behind the Headlines, 313–331 (2017)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2016_61

author

Wood, D. M., Davies, S., Greene, S. L., Button, J., Holt, D. W., Ramsey, J., & Dargan, P. I.

标题

Case series of individuals with analytically confirmed acute mephedrone toxicity. Clinical Toxicology, 48(9), 924–927 (2010)

链接

https://doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2010.531021

风险等级

低风险 · 协同 （Low Risk & Synergy）

dox

备注

兴奋剂的焦虑和集中作用会增加令人不快的思维循环的可能性，此外，在服用迷幻剂时，兴奋剂可能会产生负面副作用。在极端情况下，兴奋剂，尤其是联合使用，可能会导致严重的血管收缩、心动过速、高血压和心力衰竭。

查看原文

The anxiogenic and focusing effects of stimulants increase the chance of unpleasant thought loops, in addition to the possible negative side effects of coming down from said stimulant while on a psychedelic. In extreme cases, stimulants, especially in combination can result in severe vasoconstriction, tachycardia, hypertension, and heart failure.

来源

author

ScienceDirect Topics (n.d.)

标题

2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine - an overview

链接

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/2-5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine

author

Dargan, P. I., Sedefov, R., Gallegos, A., & Wood, D. M. (2011)

标题

The pharmacology and toxicology of the synthetic cathinone mephedrone (4‐methylmethcathinone). Drug Testing and Analysis, 3(7–8), 454–463

链接

https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.312

author

Kehr, J., Ichinose, F., Yoshitake, S., Goiny, M., Sievertsson, T., Nyberg, F., & Yoshitake, T. (2011)

标题

Mephedrone, compared with MDMA (ecstasy) and amphetamine, rapidly increases both dopamine and 5-HT levels in nucleus accumbens of awake rats: Mephedrone increases both DA and 5-HT in rat brain. British Journal of Pharmacology, 164(8), 1949–1958

链接

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01499.x

author

Trout, K., & Daley, P. F. (2024)

标题

The origin of 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐methylamphetamine (DOM, STP). Drug Testing and Analysis, 16(12), 1496–1508

链接

https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.3667

风险等级

谨慎 （Caution）

ghb/gbl

备注

两者都会减弱彼此的效果，因此，如果一种药物先于另一种药物失效，则可能会因缺乏对抗作用而服用过量。这两种物质都会影响心脏，如果剂量较高，可能会导致进一步危险的心脏并发症。此外，这种组合可能会增加彼此的负面副作用。

查看原文

Both can dull each other's effects, so if one wears off before the other it's possible to overdose due to the lack of counteraction. Both substances affect the heart and may lead to further dangerous heart complications at higher dosages. Additionally, the combination may increase the negative side effects of each other.

来源

author

Aromatario, M., Bottoni, E., Santoni, M., & Ciallella, C.

标题

New "Lethal highs": A case of a deadly cocktail of GHB and Mephedrone. Forensic Science International, 223(1), e38–e41 (2012)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.09.014

author

Drugs.ie

标题

Drug Combinations "Mixing Drugs" - Drug and Alcohol Information and Support in Ireland (2025)

链接

https://www.drugs.ie/drugs_info/about_drugs/poly_drug_use1/

author

Felmlee, M. A., Morse, B. L., & Morris, M. E.

标题

γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid: Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Toxicology. The AAPS Journal, 23(1), 22 (2021)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1208/s12248-020-00543-z

author

Galicia, M., Nogue, S., & Miró, O.

标题

Liquid ecstasy intoxication: clinical features of 505 consecutive emergency department patients. Emergency Medicine Journal: EMJ, 28(6), 462–466 (2011)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2008.068403

author

Kehr, J., Ichinose, F., Yoshitake, S., Goiny, M., Sievertsson, T., Nyberg, F., & Yoshitake, T.

标题

Mephedrone, compared with MDMA (ecstasy) and amphetamine, rapidly increases both dopamine and 5-HT levels in nucleus accumbens of awake rats. British Journal of Pharmacology, 164(8), 1949–1958 (2011)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01499.x

author

Kozina, L., Grizelj Benussi, M., & Sutara, N.

标题

Novel Psychoactive Substances – GHB- and Mephedrone-Induced Delirium Treated with Olanzapine: A Case Report and Literature Review. Medicina Fluminensis, 61(3), 318–326 (2025)

链接

https://doi.org/10.21860/medflum2025_332196

author

Mayer, F. P., Niello, M., Bulling, S., Zhang, Y.-W., Li, Y., Kudlacek, O., Holy, M., Kooti, F., Sandtner, W., Rudnick, G., Schmid, D., & Sitte, H. H.

标题

Mephedrone induces partial release at human dopamine transporters but full release at human serotonin transporters. Neuropharmacology, 240, 109704 (2023)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109704

author

Papaseit, E., Moltó, J., Muga, R., Torrens, M., de la Torre, R., & Farré, M.

标题

Clinical Pharmacology of the Synthetic Cathinone Mephedrone. Neuropharmacology of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS): The Science Behind the Headlines, pp. 313–331 (2017)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2016_61

author

Wood, D. M., Davies, S., Greene, S. L., Button, J., Holt, D. W., Ramsey, J., & Dargan, P. I.

标题

Case series of individuals with analytically confirmed acute mephedrone toxicity. Clinical Toxicology, 48(9), 924–927 (2010)

链接

https://doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2010.531021

风险等级

谨慎 （Caution）

lsd

备注

兴奋剂的焦虑和集中作用会增加令人不快的思维循环的可能性，此外，在服用迷幻剂时，兴奋剂可能会产生负面副作用。在极端情况下，兴奋剂，尤其是联合使用，可能会导致严重的血管收缩、心动过速、高血压和心力衰竭。

查看原文

The anxiogenic and focusing effects of stimulants increase the chance of unpleasant thought loops, in addition to the possible negative side effects of coming down from said stimulant while on a psychedelic. In extreme cases, stimulants, especially in combination can result in severe vasoconstriction, tachycardia, hypertension, and heart failure.

来源

author

Gregory C. Hadlock, Katy M. Webb, Lisa M. McFadden, Pei Wen Chu, Jonathan D. Ellis, Scott C. Allen, David M. Andrenyak, Paula L. Vieira-Brock, Christopher L. German, Kevin M. Conrad, Amanda J. Hoonakker, James W. Gibb, Diana G. Wilkins, Glen R. Hanson and Annette E. Fleckenstein

标题

4-Methylmethcathinone (Mephedrone): Neuropharmacological Effects of a Designer Stimulant of Abuse

链接

https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.111.184119

author

Michael H Baumann, Mario A Ayestas Jr, John S Partilla, Jacqueline R Sink, Alexander T Shulgin, Paul F Daley, Simon D Brandt, Richard B Rothman, Arnold E Ruoho, Nicholas V Cozzi

标题

The designer methcathinone analogs, mephedrone and methylone, are substrates for monoamine transporters in brain tissue

链接

https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2011.304

author

MJ Wright, Jr, SA Vandewater, D Angrish, 2 TJ Dickerson, and MA Taffe

标题

Mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone) and d-methamphetamine improve visuospatial associative memory, but not spatial working memory, in rhesus macaques

链接

https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1476-5381.2012.02091.x

author

J Kehr, F Ichinose, S Yoshitake, M Goiny,1, T Sievertsson, F Nyberg, and T Yoshitake

标题

Mephedrone, compared with MDMA (ecstasy) and amphetamine, rapidly increases both dopamine and 5-HT levels in nucleus accumbens of awake rats

链接

https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1476-5381.2011.01499.x

author

Jolanta Opacka-Juffry, Thomas Pinnell, Nisha Patel, Melissa Bevan, Meghan Meintel, Colin Davidson

标题

Stimulant mechanisms of cathinones - effects of mephedrone and other cathinones on basal and electrically evoked dopamine efflux in rat accumbens brain slices

链接

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.04.009

author

Schmid Y, Enzler F, Gasser P, Grouzmann E, Preller KH, Vollenweider FX, Brenneisen R, Müller F, Borgwardt S, Liechti ME

标题

Acute Effects of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide in Healthy Subjects

链接

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.11.015

author

Holze F, Vizeli P, Müller F, Ley L, Duerig R, Varghese N, Eckert A, Borgwardt S, Liechti ME

标题

Distinct acute effects of LSD, MDMA, and D-amphetamine in healthy subjects

链接

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-019-0569-3

author

Kenneth J Broadley

标题

The vascular effects of trace amines and amphetamines

链接

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.11.005

author

James R. Docherty, Hadeel A. Alsufyani

标题

Cardiovascular and temperature adverse actions of stimulants

链接

https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.15465

author

James R. Docherty DSc, Hadeel A. Alsufyani MB, PhD

标题

Pharmacology of Drugs Used as Stimulants

链接

https://doi.org/10.1002/jcph.1918

author

Breier Y, Azrak E, Banks W, Kushmakov R, Aleshinskaya I

标题

Management of New Onset Amphetamine-Induced Acute Decompensated Heart Failure in a Young Adult: Case Report

链接

https://doi.org/10.7759%2Fcureus.43854

风险等级

谨慎 （Caution）

mdma

备注

由于这两种药物都会提高血清素水平，因此存在血清素综合征的风险。除了引起高血压和不必要的心脏负担之外，兴奋剂还会增加摇头丸的神经毒性作用。由于这种组合，还可能导致焦虑和更大的身体不适。

查看原文

Risk of serotonin syndrome as both drugs raise serotonin levels. Stimulants also increase the neurotoxic effects of MDMA, in addition to concerns of high blood pressure and unnecessary strain on the heart. As well as potentially causing anxiety and greater physical discomfort due to the combination.

来源

author

J Kehr, F Ichinose, S Yoshitake, M Goiny, T Sievertsson, F Nyberg, T Yoshitake

标题

Mephedrone, compared with MDMA (ecstasy) and amphetamine, rapidly increases both dopamine and 5-HT levels in nucleus accumbens of awake rats

链接

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01499.x

author

Gregory C. Hadlock, Katy M. Webb, Lisa M. McFadden, Pei Wen Chu, Jonathan D. Ellis, Scott C. Allen, David M. Andrenyak, Paula L. Vieira-Brock, Christopher L. German, Kevin M. Conrad, Amanda J. Hoonakker, James W. Gibb, Diana G. Wilkins, Glen R. Hanson and Annette E. Fleckenstein

标题

4-Methylmethcathinone (Mephedrone): Neuropharmacological Effects of a Designer Stimulant of Abuse

链接

https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.111.184119

author

Gough B, Ali SF, Slikker W Jr, Holson RR.

标题

Acute effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on monoamines in rat caudate. (1991)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(91)90137-q

author

Schmidt CJ, Levin JA, Lovenberg W.

标题

In vitro and in vivo neurochemical effects of methylenedioxymethamphetamine on striatal monoaminergic systems in the rat brain. (1987)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(87)90729-5

author

Bankson MG, Cunningham KA.

标题

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) as a unique model of serotonin receptor function and serotonin-dopamine interactions. (2001)

链接

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11356903/

author

A.C. Parrott

标题

Recreational Ecstasy/MDMA, the serotonin syndrome, and serotonergic neurotoxicity (2002)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-3057(01)00711-0

author

Lisa H. Gold & George F. Koob

标题

MDMA produces stimulant-like conditioned locomotor activity. (1989)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00445556

author

Meng H, Cao J, Kang J, Ying X, Ji J, Reynolds W, Rampe D.

标题

Mephedrone, a new designer drug of abuse, produces acute hemodynamic effects in the rat

链接

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.10.010

风险等级

危险（应避免） （Dangerous）

mushrooms

备注

兴奋剂会增加焦虑水平和思维循环的风险，从而导致负面经历

查看原文

Stimulants increase anxiety levels and the risk of thought loops which can lead to negative experiences

来源

author

Goel, D. B., & Zilate, S. (2022)

标题

Potential Therapeutic Effects of Psilocybin: A Systematic Review. Cureus, 14(10), e30214.

链接

https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.30214

author

Kehr, J., Ichinose, F., Yoshitake, S., Goiny, M., Sievertsson, T., Nyberg, F., & Yoshitake, T. (2011)

标题

Mephedrone, compared with MDMA (ecstasy) and amphetamine, rapidly increases both dopamine and 5-HT levels in nucleus accumbens of awake rats: Mephedrone increases both DA and 5-HT in rat brain. British Journal of Pharmacology, 164(8), 1949–1958.

链接

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01499.x

author

Papaseit, E., Moltó, J., Muga, R., Torrens, M., De La Torre, R., & Farré, M. (2016)

标题

Clinical Pharmacology of the Synthetic Cathinone Mephedrone. In Neuropharmacology of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) (Vol. 32, pp. 313–331).

链接

https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2016_61

author

Passie, T., Seifert, J., Schneider, U., & Emrich, H. M. (2002)

标题

The pharmacology of psilocybin. Addiction Biology, 7(4), 357–364.

链接

https://doi.org/10.1080/1355621021000005937

author

Wood, D. M., Davies, S., Greene, S. L., Button, J., Holt, D. W., Ramsey, J., & Dargan, P. I. (2010)

标题

Case series of individuals with analytically confirmed acute mephedrone toxicity. Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 48(9), 924–927.

链接

https://doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2010.531021

风险等级

低风险 · 协同 （Low Risk & Synergy）

opioids

备注

兴奋剂会增加呼吸频率，从而允许使用更高剂量的阿片类药物。如果兴奋剂首先消失，那么阿片类药物可能会控制患者并导致呼吸停止。

查看原文

Stimulants increase respiration rate allowing a higher dose of opiates. If the stimulant wears off first then the opiate may overcome the patient and cause respiratory arrest.

来源

author

Cohen, B., Ruth, L. J., & Preuss, C. V. (2025)

标题

Opioid Analgesics. In StatPearls.

链接

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459161/

author

Dargan, P. I., Sedefov, R., Gallegos, A., & Wood, D. M. (2011)

标题

The pharmacology and toxicology of the synthetic cathinone mephedrone (4‐methylmethcathinone). Drug Testing and Analysis, 3(7–8), 454–463.

链接

https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.312

author

Hadlock, G. C., Webb, K. M., McFadden, L. M., Chu, P. W., Ellis, J. D., Allen, S. C., Andrenyak, D. M., Vieira-Brock, P. L., German, C. L., Conrad, K. M., Hoonakker, A. J., Gibb, J. W., Wilkins, D. G., Hanson, G. R., & Fleckenstein, A. E. (2011)

标题

4-Methylmethcathinone (Mephedrone): Neuropharmacological Effects of a Designer Stimulant of Abuse. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 339(2), 530–536.

链接

https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.111.184119

author

Kehr, J., Ichinose, F., Yoshitake, S., Goiny, M., Sievertsson, T., Nyberg, F., & Yoshitake, T. (2011)

标题

Mephedrone, compared with MDMA (ecstasy) and amphetamine, rapidly increases both dopamine and 5-HT levels in nucleus accumbens of awake rats: Mephedrone increases both DA and 5-HT in rat brain. British Journal of Pharmacology, 164(8), 1949–1958.

链接

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01499.x

author

Meng, H., Cao, J., Kang, J., Ying, X., Ji, J., Reynolds, W., & Rampe, D. (2012)

标题

Mephedrone, a new designer drug of abuse, produces acute hemodynamic effects in the rat. Toxicology Letters, 208(1), 62–68.

链接

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.10.010

author

Pathan, H., & Williams, J. (2012)

标题

Basic opioid pharmacology: an update. British Journal of Pain, 6(1), 11–16.

链接

https://doi.org/10.1177/2049463712438493

风险等级

谨慎 （Caution）

pregabalin

备注

这种组合存在癫痫发作的显着风险。甲氧麻黄酮会增加呼吸频率，从而允许比正常情况下使用更高剂量的镇静剂。如果甲氧麻黄酮首先失效，休闲剂量的普瑞巴林可能会抑制个体并导致呼吸停止。这两种物质在娱乐剂量下都会导致心脏紧张，并可能导致进一步危险的心脏并发症。

查看原文

There is a significant risk of seizures from this combination. Mephedrone increases respiration rate allowing for a higher dose of sedatives than normal. If mephedrone wears off first, recreational dosages of pregabalin may overcome the individual and cause respiratory arrest. Both substances at recreational dosages cause strain of the heart and may lead to further dangerous heart complications.

来源

author

Barker-Haliski, M., & White, H. S. (2015)

标题

Glutamatergic Mechanisms Associated with Seizures and Epilepsy. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 5(8), a022863.

链接

https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a022863

author

Ben‐Menachem, E. (2004)

标题

Pregabalin Pharmacology and Its Relevance to Clinical Practice. Epilepsia, 45(s6), 13–18.

链接

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0013-9580.2004.455003.x

author

Dargan, P. I., Sedefov, R., Gallegos, A., & Wood, D. M. (2011)

标题

The pharmacology and toxicology of the synthetic cathinone mephedrone (4‐methylmethcathinone). Drug Testing and Analysis, 3(7–8), 454–463.

链接

https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.312

author

French, J., Kwan, P., Fakhoury, T., Pitman, V., DuBrava, S., Knapp, L., & Yurkewicz, L. (2014)

标题

Pregabalin monotherapy in patients with partial-onset seizures: A historical-controlled trial. Neurology, 82(7), 590–597.

链接

https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000000119

author

Gayatri, N., & Livingston, J. (2006)

标题

Aggravation of epilepsy by anti‐epileptic drugs. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 48(5), 394–398.

链接

https://doi.org/10.1017/S0012162206000843

author

Hitchings, A. W. (2016)

标题

Drugs that lower the seizure threshold. Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin, 298(1), 1151–1154.

链接

https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000016

author

Sean. (n.d.-b)

标题

Pregabalin - Erowid Exp - “Stay Away.”

链接

https://www.erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=67302

author

Altair. (n.d)

标题

Pregabalin (Lyrica) - Erowid Exp - “Heart Arrhythmia, Seizure : Not Recreational.”

链接

https://www.erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=69917

author

Douke, R. (n.d.)

标题

Pregabalin & Tramadol - Erowid Exp - “Grand Mal Seizures.”

链接

https://www.erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=83232

author

Isoardi, K. Z., Polkinghorne, G., Harris, K., & Isbister, G. K. (2020)

标题

Pregabalin poisoning and rising recreational use: a retrospective observational series. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 86(12), 2435–2440.

链接

https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14348

author

Kehr, J., Ichinose, F., Yoshitake, S., Goiny, M., Sievertsson, T., Nyberg, F., & Yoshitake, T. (2011)

标题

Mephedrone, compared with MDMA (ecstasy) and amphetamine, rapidly increases both dopamine and 5-HT levels in nucleus accumbens of awake rats: Mephedrone increases both DA and 5-HT in rat brain. British Journal of Pharmacology, 164(8), 1949–1958.

链接

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01499.x

author

Kumar, N., Laferriere, A., Yu, J. S. C., Leavitt, A., & Coderre, T. J. (2010)

标题

Evidence that pregabalin reduces neuropathic pain by inhibiting the spinal release of glutamate. Journal of Neurochemistry, 113(2), 552–561.

链接

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06625.x

author

Meng, H., Cao, J., Kang, J., Ying, X., Ji, J., Reynolds, W., & Rampe, D. (2012)

标题

Mephedrone, a new designer drug of abuse, produces acute hemodynamic effects in the rat. Toxicology Letters, 208(1), 62–68.

链接

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.10.010

author

Slocum, G. W., Schult, R. F., Gorodetsky, R. M., Wiegand, T. J., Kamali, M., & Acquisto, N. M. (2018)

标题

Pregabalin and paradoxical reaction of seizures in a large overdose. Toxicology Communications, 2(1), 19–20.

链接

https://doi.org/10.1080/24734306.2018.1458465

风险等级

不安全 （Unsafe）

tramadol

备注

休闲剂量的血清素综合征和癫痫发作的风险很高。这两种物质都会影响心脏，如果剂量较高，可能会导致进一步危险的心脏并发症。两者都会减弱彼此的效果，因此，如果一种药物先于另一种药物失效，则可能会因缺乏对抗作用而服用过量。合用可能会增加彼此的副作用，如头晕、嗜睡等。如果剂量较高，这种组合可能会增加彼此的副作用，例如谵妄、躁狂和精神病。

查看原文

There is a high risk of serotonin syndrome and seizures at recreational dosages. Both substances affect the heart and may lead to further dangerous heart complications at higher dosages. Both can dull each other's effects, so if one wears off before the other it's possible to overdose due to the lack of counteraction. The combination may increase each other's side effects, such as dizziness and drowsiness. At higher dosages, the combination may increase each other’s side effects, such as delirium, mania, and psychosis.

来源

author

Boostani, R., & Derakhshan, S.

标题

Tramadol induced seizure: A 3-year study. Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine, 3(3), 484–487 (2012)

链接

N/A

author

Ener, R. A., Meglathery, S. B., Decker, W. A. V., & Gallagher, R. M.

标题

Serotonin Syndrome and Other Serotonergic Disorders: Table 1. Pain Medicine, 4(1), 63–74 (2003)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-4637.2003.03005.x

author

Hadlock, G. C., Webb, K. M., McFadden, L. M., Chu, P. W., Ellis, J. D., Allen, S. C., Andrenyak, D. M., Vieira-Brock, P. L., German, C. L., Conrad, K. M., Hoonakker, A. J., Gibb, J. W., Wilkins, D. G., Hanson, G. R., & Fleckenstein, A. E.

标题

4-Methylmethcathinone (Mephedrone): Neuropharmacological Effects of a Designer Stimulant of Abuse. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 339(2), 530–536 (2011)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.111.184119

author

Kehr, J., Ichinose, F., Yoshitake, S., Goiny, M., Sievertsson, T., Nyberg, F., & Yoshitake, T.

标题

Mephedrone, compared with MDMA (ecstasy) and amphetamine, rapidly increases both dopamine and 5-HT levels in nucleus accumbens of awake rats: Mephedrone increases both DA and 5-HT in rat brain. British Journal of Pharmacology, 164(8), 1949–1958 (2011)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01499.x

author

Lagard, C., Vodovar, D., Chevillard, L., Callebert, J., Caillé, F., Pottier, G., Liang, H., Risède, P., Tournier, N., & Mégarbane, B.

标题

Investigation of the Mechanisms of Tramadol-Induced Seizures in Overdose in the Rat. Pharmaceuticals, 15(10), 1254 (2022)

链接

https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15101254

author

Meng, H., Cao, J., Kang, J., Ying, X., Ji, J., Reynolds, W., & Rampe, D.

标题

Mephedrone, a new designer drug of abuse, produces acute hemodynamic effects in the rat. Toxicology Letters, 208(1), 62–68 (2012)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.10.010

author

Sansone, R. A., & Sansone, L. A.

标题

Tramadol: seizures, serotonin syndrome, and coadministered antidepressants. Psychiatry (Edgmont (Pa.: Township)), 6(4), 17–21 (2009)

链接

N/A

风险等级

危险（应避免） （Dangerous）

后遗时间

6-24 小时

剂量

鼻吸

常规

20-80mg

重剂量

125mg+

轻度

15-25mg

强效

75-125mg

口服

常规

100-200mg

重剂量

300mg+

轻度

50-100mg

强效

150-300mg

持续时间

2-3 小时

效应

The drug is reported as being more of an intense stimulant than MDMA but with less of an empathogenic feel.

起效时间

15-45 分钟

相关链接

经验报告

https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_4Methylmethcathinone.shtml

名称

mephedrone

通用名

Mephedrone

属性

后遗效应

6–24 小时

别名

4-mmc meow meow m-cat 4-methylmethcathinone 4mmc

分类

兴奋剂 research-chemical 习惯形成 empathogen

检测窗口

There are conflicting reports on whether the drug shows positive on standard drug tests.

剂量

Oral Light: 50-100mg Common: 100-200mg Strong: 150-300mg Heavy: 300mg+ | Insufflated Light: 15-25mg Common: 20-80mg Strong: 75-125mg Heavy: 125mg+

持续

2–3 小时

效应

The drug is reported as being more of an intense stimulant than MDMA but with less of an empathogenic feel.

起效

15–45 分钟

摘要

A short-lived euphoric stimulant that was developed as an analogue of MDMA. Reports indicate a strong urge to compulsively redose.

效应

Analysis enhancement

https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Analysis_enhancement

Anxiety

https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Anxiety

Body odor alteration

https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Body_odor_alteration

Cognitive euphoria

https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Cognitive_euphoria

Cognitive fatigue

https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Cognitive_fatigue

Compulsive redosing

https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Compulsive_redosing

Dehydration

https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Dehydration

Depression

https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Depression

Difficulty urinating

https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Difficulty_urinating

Disinhibition

https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Disinhibition

Ego inflation

https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Ego_inflation

Empathy, love, and sociability enhancement

https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Empathy,_love,_and_sociability_enhancement

Increased blood pressure

https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Increased_blood_pressure

Increased heart rate

https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Increased_heart_rate

Increased libido

https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Increased_libido

Increased perspiration

https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Increased_perspiration

Irritability

https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Irritability

Motivation enhancement

https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Motivation_enhancement

Spontaneous tactile sensations

https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Spontaneous_tactile_sensations

Stimulation

https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Stimulation

Tactile enhancement

https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Tactile_enhancement

Teeth grinding

https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Teeth_grinding

Thought acceleration

https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Thought_acceleration

Thought deceleration

https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Thought_deceleration

Thought disorganization

https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Thought_disorganization

Time distortion

https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Time_distortion

Vasoconstriction

https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Vasoconstriction

Vibrating vision

https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Vibrating_vision

Wakefulness

https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Wakefulness

来源

general

Mephedrone toxicity has been clinically associated with seizures - http://emj.bmj.com/content/28/4/280.short