TripSit · MDMA

正文中文为机器翻译，仅供参考；专业内容以折叠的原文为准。

详情

别名

molly ecstasy adam xtc mandy x md

分类

兴奋剂 致幻剂 empathogen 习惯形成 常规

相互作用

2c-t-x

风险等级

谨慎 （Caution）

2c-x

风险等级

低风险 · 协同 （Low Risk & Synergy）

5-meo-xxt

备注

一些 5-MeO 色胺有点难以预测，应小心与 MDMA 混合

查看原文

Some of the 5-MeO tryptamines are a bit unpredictable and should be mixed with MDMA with care

风险等级

谨慎 （Caution）

alcohol

备注

MDMA 和酒精的结合可能会增加心血管系统的压力，并导致饮酒量增加。 MDMA 还可能损害人们识别醉酒程度的能力，导致饮酒量增加和决策失误。酒精与 MDMA 合用时，还可能增加脱水和体温过高（体温升高）的风险。

查看原文

The combination of MDMA and alcohol may increase strain on the cardiovascular system and lead to increased alcohol consumption. MDMA may also impair one's ability to recognize their level of drunkenness, leading to increased alcohol consumption and poor decision-making. Alcohol may also increase the risk of dehydration and hyperthermia (increased body temperature) when combined with MDMA.

来源

author

Hamida, S. B., Plute, E., Cosquer, B., Kelche, C., Jones, B. C., & Cassel, J.-C.

标题

Interactions between ethanol and cocaine, amphetamine, or MDMA in the rat: thermoregulatory and locomotor effects. (2008)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-007-1007-5

author

Ramaekers, J. G., & Kuypers, K. P. C.

标题

Acute Effects of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on Behavioral Measures of Impulsivity: Alone and in Combination with Alcohol. (2006)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1300894

author

Hernández-López, C., Farré, M., Roset, P. N., Menoyo, E., Pizarro, N., Ortuño, J., Torrens, M., Camı́, J., & Torre, R. de la.

标题

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy) and Alcohol Interactions in Humans: Psychomotor Performance, Subjective Effects, and Pharmacokinetics. (2002)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.300.1.236

author

van Amsterdam, J., Brunt, T. M., Pierce, M., & van den Brink, W.

标题

Hard Boiled: Alcohol Use as a Risk Factor for MDMA-Induced Hyperthermia: a Systematic Review. (2021)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-021-00416-z

风险等级

谨慎 （Caution）

amphetamines

备注

这种兴奋剂的组合会增加心脏的压力，可能会引起一些身体不适，并有可能引起心血管问题。兴奋剂的焦虑和集中作用会增加不愉快的思维循环的机会，并使体验更加不舒服，这种组合会增加这些机会。安非他命会增加 MDMA 的神经毒性作用，此外，由于该组合的固有性质，还会进一步引起体温过高的担忧。它还会升高人的体温，也可能使这种组合具有更强的神经毒性。

查看原文

This combination of stimulants will increase strain on the heart, may cause some physical discomfort, and has the chance to cause cardiovascular issues. The anxiogenic and focusing effects of stimulants can increase the chance of unpleasant thought loops and make the experience more uncomfortable, this combination raises these chances. Amphetamines will increase the neurotoxic effects of MDMA, in addition to causing further concerns of hyperthermia due to the inherent nature of the combination. It will also raise one's body temperature, also likely making the combination more neurotoxic.

来源

author

Kelly J. Clemens, Iain S. McGregor, Glenn E. Hunt, Jennifer L. Cornish

标题

MDMA, methamphetamine and their combination: possible lessons for party drug users from recent preclinical research

链接

https://doi.org/10.1080/09595230601036945

author

Kelly J. Clemens, Iain S. McGregor, Glenn E. Hunt, Jennifer L. Cornish

标题

Repeated weekly exposure to MDMA, methamphetamine or their combination: long-term behavioural and neurochemical effects in rats

链接

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.06.004

author

P. Leon Brown, Eugene A. Kiyatkin

标题

Brain hyperthermia induced by MDMA (‘ecstasy’): modulation by environmental conditions

链接

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03453.x

风险等级

谨慎 （Caution）

amt

风险等级

危险（应避免） （Dangerous）

benzodiazepines

风险等级

Low Risk & Decrease

caffeine

备注

咖啡因对于 MDMA 来说并不是必需的，咖啡因会增加 MDMA 的神经毒性作用

查看原文

Caffeine is not really necessary with MDMA and increases any neurotoxic effects from MDMA

风险等级

谨慎 （Caution）

cannabis

备注

大量大麻与 MDMA 结合使用可能会产生强烈且难以预测的体验。如果可能的话，应该在体验结束时保留大麻。

查看原文

Large amounts of cannabis may cause strong and somewhat unpredictable experiences in combination with MDMA. Cannabis should be saved for towards the end of the experience if possible.

风险等级

低风险 · 协同 （Low Risk & Synergy）

cocaine

备注

可卡因会阻碍 MDMA 的一些理想效果，同时增加心脏病发作的风险。

查看原文

Cocaine blocks some of the desirable effects of MDMA while increasing the risk of heart attack.

风险等级

谨慎 （Caution）

dextromethorphan

风险等级

危险（应避免） （Dangerous）

dmt

风险等级

低风险 · 协同 （Low Risk & Synergy）

dox

备注

The combined stimulating effects of the two can be uncomfortable. Coming down on the MDMA while the DOx is still active can be quite anxiogenic.

风险等级

谨慎 （Caution）

ghb/gbl

备注

大量的 GHB/GBL 可能会压倒 MDMA 对病情的影响。

查看原文

Large amounts of GHB/GBL may overwhelm the effects of MDMA on the comedown.

风险等级

谨慎 （Caution）

ketamine

备注

没有意外的相互作用，虽然可能会导致血压升高，但合理剂量不存在问题。由于身体受伤的风险，服用高剂量的这种组合可能是不明智的。

查看原文

No unexpected interactions, though likely to increase blood pressure but not an issue with sensible doses. Moving around on high doses of this combination may be ill advised due to risk of physical injury.

风险等级

低风险 · 协同 （Low Risk & Synergy）

lithium

备注

血清素综合征的高风险

查看原文

High risk of serotonin syndrome

来源

author

Lokesh Shahani

标题

Venlafaxine Augmentation With Lithium Leading to Serotonin Syndrome

链接

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.11080196

author

Charles DeBattista, Mehmet Sofuoglu, and Alan F. Schatzberg

标题

Serotonergic Synergism: The Risks and Benefits of Combining the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors with Other Serotonergic Drugs

链接

https://www.biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com/article/S0006-3223(98)00161-9/pdf

author

Olivier Massot Ph.D, Jean-Claude Rousselle Ph.D, Marie-Paule Fillion MSc, Dominique Januel MD, Mathieu Plantefol MSc & Gilles Fillion Ph.D

标题

5-HT1B Receptors: A Novel Target for Lithium: Possible Involvement in Mood Disorders

链接

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0893-133X(99)00042-1

author

Philip J. Cowen

标题

New drugs, old problems: Revisiting… Pharmacological management of treatment-resistant depression

链接

https://doi.org/10.1192/apt.11.1.19

风险等级

危险（应避免） （Dangerous）

lsd

风险等级

低风险 · 协同 （Low Risk & Synergy）

maois

备注

MAO-B 抑制剂可以意外地增加苯乙胺的效力和持续时间。 MAO-A抑制剂与MDMA一起使用会导致高血压危象。

查看原文

MAO-B inhibitors can increase the potency and duration of phenethylamines unpredictably. MAO-A inhibitors with MDMA will lead to hypertensive crises.

风险等级

危险（应避免） （Dangerous）

mephedrone

备注

由于这两种药物都会提高血清素水平，因此存在血清素综合征的风险。除了引起高血压和不必要的心脏负担之外，兴奋剂还会增加摇头丸的神经毒性作用。由于这种组合，还可能导致焦虑和更大的身体不适。

查看原文

Risk of serotonin syndrome as both drugs raise serotonin levels. Stimulants also increase the neurotoxic effects of MDMA, in addition to concerns of high blood pressure and unnecessary strain on the heart. As well as potentially causing anxiety and greater physical discomfort due to the combination.

来源

author

J Kehr, F Ichinose, S Yoshitake, M Goiny, T Sievertsson, F Nyberg, T Yoshitake

标题

Mephedrone, compared with MDMA (ecstasy) and amphetamine, rapidly increases both dopamine and 5-HT levels in nucleus accumbens of awake rats

链接

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01499.x

author

Gregory C. Hadlock, Katy M. Webb, Lisa M. McFadden, Pei Wen Chu, Jonathan D. Ellis, Scott C. Allen, David M. Andrenyak, Paula L. Vieira-Brock, Christopher L. German, Kevin M. Conrad, Amanda J. Hoonakker, James W. Gibb, Diana G. Wilkins, Glen R. Hanson and Annette E. Fleckenstein

标题

4-Methylmethcathinone (Mephedrone): Neuropharmacological Effects of a Designer Stimulant of Abuse

链接

https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.111.184119

author

Gough B, Ali SF, Slikker W Jr, Holson RR.

标题

Acute effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on monoamines in rat caudate. (1991)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(91)90137-q

author

Schmidt CJ, Levin JA, Lovenberg W.

标题

In vitro and in vivo neurochemical effects of methylenedioxymethamphetamine on striatal monoaminergic systems in the rat brain. (1987)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(87)90729-5

author

Bankson MG, Cunningham KA.

标题

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) as a unique model of serotonin receptor function and serotonin-dopamine interactions. (2001)

链接

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11356903/

author

A.C. Parrott

标题

Recreational Ecstasy/MDMA, the serotonin syndrome, and serotonergic neurotoxicity (2002)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-3057(01)00711-0

author

Lisa H. Gold & George F. Koob

标题

MDMA produces stimulant-like conditioned locomotor activity. (1989)

链接

https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00445556

author

Meng H, Cao J, Kang J, Ying X, Ji J, Reynolds W, Rampe D.

标题

Mephedrone, a new designer drug of abuse, produces acute hemodynamic effects in the rat

链接

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.10.010

风险等级

危险（应避免） （Dangerous）

mescaline

风险等级

低风险 · 协同 （Low Risk & Synergy）

mushrooms

风险等级

低风险 · 协同 （Low Risk & Synergy）

mxe

备注

有报道称，当两者同时服用时，会产生危险的血清素相互作用，但在 MDMA 体验结束时服用 MXE 似乎不会引起同样的问题。

查看原文

There have been reports of risky serotonergic interactions when the two are taken at the same time, but MXE taken to the end of an MDMA experience does not appear to cause the same issues.

风险等级

谨慎 （Caution）

nbomes

风险等级

谨慎 （Caution）

nitrous

风险等级

低风险 · 协同 （Low Risk & Synergy）

opioids

风险等级

Low Risk & No Synergy

pcp

备注

这种组合很容易导致过度躁狂状态

查看原文

This combination can easily lead to hypermanic states

风险等级

不安全 （Unsafe）

pregabalin

备注

这种组合存在癫痫发作的显着风险。安非他明会增加呼吸频率，因此需要比正常剂量更高的镇静剂剂量。如果安非他明首先失效，娱乐性剂量的普瑞巴林可能会抑制个体并导致呼吸停止。这两种物质在娱乐剂量下都会导致心脏紧张，并可能导致进一步危险的心脏并发症。据报道，医疗剂量不是一个问题

查看原文

There is a significant risk of seizures from this combination. Amphetamines increase respiration rate allowing for a higher dose of sedatives than normal. If amphetamines wears off first, recreational dosages of pregabalin may overcome the individual and cause respiratory arrest. Both substances at recreational dosages cause strain of the heart and may lead to further dangerous heart complications. Medical dosages are not reported to be a concern

来源

author

Alo, C., & Kioka, M. J. (2024)

标题

Rave gone wrong: MDMA- induced medical emergency at electrical daisy carnival. A case report. Toxicology Reports, 13, 101739.

链接

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101739

author

Altair. (n.d.-a)

标题

Pregabalin (Lyrica) - Erowid Exp - “Heart Arrhythmia, Seizure : Not Recreational.”

链接

https://www.erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=69917

author

Ben-Menachem, E. (2004)

标题

Pregabalin pharmacology and its relevance to clinical practice. Epilepsia, 45 Suppl 6, 13–18.

链接

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0013-9580.2004.455003.x

author

Christie, D., Yazar-Klosinski, B., Nosova, E., Kryskow, P., Siu, W., Lessor, D., & Argento, E. (2022)

标题

MDMA-assisted therapy is associated with a reduction in chronic pain among people with post-traumatic stress disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13.

链接

https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.939302

author

Douke, R. (n.d.)

标题

Pregabalin & Tramadol - Erowid Exp - “Grand Mal Seizures.”

链接

https://www.erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=83232

author

French, J., Kwan, P., Fakhoury, T., Pitman, V., DuBrava, S., Knapp, L., & Yurkewicz, L. (2014)

标题

Pregabalin monotherapy in patients with partial-onset seizures. Neurology, 82(7), 590–597.

链接

https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000000119

author

Oskouei, Z., Moshiri, M., Raouf-Rahmati, A., Nemati, A., Bemani Naeini, M., Jomehpour, H., Roohbakhsh, A., Salmasi, Z., & Etemad, L. (2025)

标题

Seizures as an Adverse Effect of Pregabalin Consumption: A Systematic Review. Addiction & Health, 17, 1527.

链接

https://doi.org/10.34172/ahj.1527

author

Rietjens, S. J., Sikma, M. A., Hunault, C. C., De Lange, D. W., & Hondebrink, L. (2022)

标题

Pregabalin poisoning: Evaluation of dose‐toxicity relationship. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 88(3), 1288–1297.

链接

https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.15073

author

Sean. (n.d.-b)

标题

Pregabalin - Erowid Exp - “Stay Away.”

链接

https://www.erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=67302

author

Slocum, G. W., Schult, R. F., Gorodetsky, R. M., Wiegand, T. J., Kamali, M., & Acquisto, N. M. (2018)

标题

Pregabalin and paradoxical reaction of seizures in a large overdose. Toxicology Communications, 2(1), 19–20.

链接

https://doi.org/10.1080/24734306.2018.1458465

author

Vollenweider, F. X., Gamma, A., Liechti, M., & Huber, T. (1998)

标题

Psychological and cardiovascular effects and short-term sequelae of MDMA (“ecstasy”) in MDMA-naïve healthy volunteers. Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 19(4), 241–251.

链接

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0893-133X(98)00013-X

风险等级

不安全 （Unsafe）

ssris

来源

author

Feduccia, A. A., Jerome, L., Mithoefer, M. C., & Holland, J.

标题

Discontinuation of medications classified as reuptake inhibitors affects treatment response of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy.

链接

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-020-05710-w

author

Sarparast, A., Thomas, K., Malcolm, B., & Stauffer, C. S.

标题

Drug-drug interactions between psychiatric medications and MDMA or psilocybin: a systematic review.

链接

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-022-06083-y

author

Malcolm, B., & Thomas, K.

标题

Serotonin toxicity of serotonergic psychedelics.

链接

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-021-05876-x

风险等级

Low Risk & Decrease

tramadol

备注

曲马多和兴奋剂都会增加癫痫发作的风险。

查看原文

Tramadol and stimulants both increase the risk of seizures.

风险等级

危险（应避免） （Dangerous）

剂量说明

NOTE: Higher dosages may increase neurotoxic effects

后遗时间

1-72 小时

剂量

鼻吸

常规

70-120mg

重剂量

165mg+

轻度

30-70mg

强效

120-165mg

口服

常规

75-125mg

重剂量

175mg+

轻度

40-75mg

强效

125-175mg

直肠

常规

70-120mg

重剂量

165mg+

轻度

30-70mg

强效

120-165mg

持续时间

3-5 小时

起效时间

20-70 分钟

相关链接

经验报告

https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_MDMA.shtml

pihkal

https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/pihkal/pihkal109.shtml

名称

mdma

通用名

MDMA

属性

后遗效应

1–72 小时.

别名

molly ecstasy adam xtc mandy x md

分类

兴奋剂 致幻剂 empathogen 习惯形成 常规

检测窗口

1–3 天 single use, 3–5 天 heavy use

剂量

Oral Light: 40-75mg Common: 75-125mg Strong: 125-175mg Heavy: 175mg+ | Insufflated/Rectal Light: 30-70mg Common: 70-120mg Strong: 120-165mg Heavy: 165mg+ | NOTE: Higher doses may increase neurotoxic effects

持续

3–5 小时

一般建议

It is recommended to wait at minimu multiple months between MDMA rolls.

marquis

Black (may have purple tint)

起效

20–70 分钟

摘要

The drug has been associated with cognitive decline when taken in excess. The drug is used in a variety of ways, such as parties, music festivals, psychedelic therapy, and more. The drug often sold as powder or in pressed pills, and may be adulterated with other similar chemicals.

Wiki

http://wiki.tripsit.me/wiki/MDMA

来源

general

Alpha-lipoic acid prevents 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA)-induced neurotoxicity - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10619665 Involvement of free radicals in MDMA-induced neurotoxicity in mice. - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11435997 Methamphetamine and MDMA (ecstasy) neurotoxicity: 'of mice and men'. - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15370888 The neurotoxic effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and methamphetamine on serotonin, dopamine, and GABA-ergic terminals - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15474609 MDMA (Ecstasy) and human dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin transporters: implications for MDMA-induced neurotoxicity and treatment. - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16220332 Pharmacological aspects of the combined use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16234132 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) neurotoxicity in rats: a reappraisal of past and present findings. - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16541247 The effects of fluoxetine on the subjective and physiological effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in humans - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17047932 Neurogenic bladder and chronic urinary retention associated with MDMA abuse. - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18570171 THC Prevents MDMA Neurotoxicity in Mice - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20174577 Effects of a beta-blocker on the cardiovascular response to MDMA (Ecstasy). - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20378736 Neurotoxicity of ecstasy (MDMA): an overview - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20420572 MDMA: interactions with other psychoactive drugs - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21756931 MDMA and temperature: a review of the thermal effects of 'Ecstasy' in humans. - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21924843 MDMA (ecstasy) effects on actual driving performance before and after sleep deprivation, as function of dose and concentration in blood and oral... - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21952668 MDMA increases glutamate release and reduces parvalbumin-positive GABAergic cells in the dorsal hippocampus of the rat: role of cyclooxygenase. - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23179355 MDMA Illicit use of LSD or psilocybin, but not MDMA or nonpsychedelic drugs, is associated with mystical experiences in a dose-dependent manner. - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23457892 Cocaine potentiates MDMA-induced oxidative stress but not dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice: implications for the pathogenesis of free radical - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23681166 MDMA-induced neurotoxicity: parameters of degeneration and recovery of brain serotonin neurons. - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2452449 MDMA, cortisol, and heightened stress in recreational ecstasy users. - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25014666 A study of the mechanism of MDMA ('ecstasy')-induced neurotoxicity of 5-HT neurones using chlormethiazole, dizocilpine and other protective compounds. - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7516800 Inhibition of MAO-B protects against MDMA-induced neurotoxicity in the striatum. - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7542394 MDMA (ecstasy) inhibition of MAO type A and type B: comparisons with fenfluramine and fluoxetine (Prozac). - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7945733 Ecstasy use and serotonin syndrome: a neglected danger to adolescents and young adults prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24006318 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) and alcohol interactions in humans: psychomotor performance, subjective effects, and pharmacokinetics. - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752122 Putting an Ecstasy test kit to the test: harm reduction or harm induction? - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14594341 MDMA Vasopressin and oxytocin secretion in response to the consumption of ecstasy in a clubbing population. - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16574714 Monoamine oxidase-B mediates ecstasy-induced neurotoxic effects to adolescent rat brain mitochondria. - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17881526 Increased oxytocin concentrations and prosocial feelings in humans after ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) administration. - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19562632 Neurotoxicity of ecstasy (MDMA): an overview. - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20420572 Mephedrone, compared with MDMA (ecstasy) and amphetamine, rapidly increases both dopamine and 5-HT levels in nucleus accumbens of awake rats - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21615721 Neurotoxicity of ecstasy and its metabolites in human dopaminergic differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23194825 Neuroprotective properties of melissa officinalis L. Extract against ecstasy-induced neurotoxicity. - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23671824 Ecstasy use and serotonin syndrome: a neglected danger to adolescents and young adults prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24006318 MDMA, cortisol, and heightened stress in recreational ecstasy users - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25014666 History of MDMA - http://www.mdma.net/merck/history-ecstasy.html Study associating long-term serotonergic injury from use of MDMA - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7643196 Even after abstaining as long as 2.5 年, verbal memory deficits were still present in ex-mdma abuserd, indicating that the neurotoxicity may have some permanent damage features - http://m.jop.sagepub.com/content/20/2/211.short http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/nrc.20023/abstract Potentiation of (DL)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-induced toxicity by the serotonin 2A receptior partial agonist d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and the protection of same by the serotonin 2A/2C receptor antagonist MDL 11,939